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下北阳光灿烂的日子

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三少爷的剑

一 | Applications for U.S. unemployment benefits fell to their lowest level in eight months last week as businesses continue to retain workers despite elevated interest rates meant to cool the economy and labor market.Jobless claim applications fell by 13,000 to 198,000 for the week ending Oct. 14, the Labor Department reported Thursday. That's the fewest since January and about 14,000 fewer than analysts expected.Jobless claim applications are considered a proxy for layoffs.Despite the low level of weekly first-time jobless benefit applications, the number of Americans remaining on the unemployment rolls — known as “continuing claims” — jumped to its highest level in three months.Overall, 1.73 million people were collecting unemployment benefits the week that ended Oct. 7, about 29,000 more than the previous week and the most since early July.Analysts suggested one reason why new applications for unemployment aid might be falling while the number of people who continue to receive benefits is rising: Though relatively few people are being laid off, those who are already unemployed may now be having a harder time finding new work.“That would be consistent with other recent anecdotal evidence, including the Beige Book yesterday, which noted that firms were hiring ‘less urgently’ and finding that the pool of available job candidates was expanding,” said Nancy Vanden Houten, an economist at Oxford Economics. That comports with recent data showing that more people have started looking for work again. In August, about 736,000 people re-entered the search for employment, boosting the unemployment rate from 3.5% to 3.8%, where it remains today. Only people who are actively looking for a job are counted as unemployed.Though the Federal Reserve opted to leave its benchmark borrowing rate alone at its most recent meeting, it is well into the second year of its battle to rein in persistent inflation. The central bank has raised its benchmark rate 11 times since March of 2022, with part of its goal to cool hiring and bring down wages. But the labor market has held up better than expected.In September, employers added 336,000 jobs, easily surpassing the 227,000 for August and raising the average gain for each of the past three months to a robust 266,000.In August, American employers posted a surprising 9.6 million job openings, up from 8.9 million in July and the first uptick in three months.Besides some layoffs early this year — mostly in the technology sector — companies have been trying to retain workers.Thursday's report also said that the four-week moving average of claims — which flattens out some of the week-to-week volatility — ticked down by 1,000 to 205,750.。

二 | 秋季学期开学临近，关于义务教育均衡编班的话题和新闻引发社会的关注。均衡编班也叫平行分班、阳光分班，是指在小学和初中起始年级全面实施免试就近入学，不依据学生成绩、特长等设立或变相设立重点班、实验班、快慢班。按照教育部的要求，从今年开始，全面推进义务教育均衡编班。在均衡编班方面，走在了全国前列。从2022年起，石家庄等地就通过电脑随机派位方式均衡编班。今年，又明确提出，全面实施师资均衡配置、学生随机分班，合理制定方案，实现各班级学生在人数、性别等方面的基本均衡。学校分班方案、过程及结果应向家长公开，主动接受监督，确保程序公开透明。均衡编班是阳光招生的重要一环。2024年以来，教育部连续三年部署开展义务教育阳光招生专项行动，全面规范义务教育招生入学工作。教育公平，起点在于入学机会的公平。如何做好阳光招生，是摆在各级教育行政管理部门和学校面前的一道必答题。做好阳光招生，首先要合理划定招生片区范围。属地教育行政部门要健全常住学龄人口变化监测预警制度，开展各学段入学人数和现有学位摸底，提前做好预判应对。

三 | 科学合理划定学校招生片区，对出现学校布局调整、学龄人口变化较大等情况的，可在科学评估、广泛征求意见的基础上适当调整片区范围，并提前向社会公布。把普通高中纳入阳光招生专项行动，是今年的一大亮点。教育部要求，部属高校附中、省属高中、设区的城市高中，一律不得违规面向县域掐尖招生，切实保障县域普通高中发展空间。为了让不同学校的学生同样拥有升入优质高中的机会，持续放大指标到校政策效能，省级示范性普通高中将不低于80%招生名额分配到区域内初中学校。

四 | 针对“意向登记”“保底协议”等违规乱象，明令禁止提前签约、收取意向金，杜绝招生与捐资助学、教育赞助相挂钩，守护高中阶段招生的公平秩序。阳光招生，既要管住学校的招生行为，也要兜牢特殊群体的入学保障。专项行动把保障重点群体入学作为八项重点任务之一，要求全面落实“两为主、两纳入、以居住证为主要依据”的随迁子女入学政策。人口集中流入地区要持续加大公办学校学位供给和招生计划，不断提高随迁子女在公办学校就读比例。做好特殊群体入学保障，各地教育行政部门坚持应入尽入原则，通过普通学校随班就读、特教学校就读、送教上门等方式，妥善、适宜安置适龄残疾儿童少年接受义务教育。面对多子女家庭现实诉求，各地因地制宜落实“长幼随学”实施办法，在学位允许前提下，方便多孩家庭子女同校就读，体现政策温度。